Kidney disease, kidney stone disease. Kidney stones symptoms

The kidneys are a paired organ of the urinary system , which maintains a constant fluid concentration, acid-base balance and ionic composition. Kidney disease is manifested by various symptoms: changes in urine, hypertension, edema. There are congenital and acquired diseases. Congenital kidney diseases include positions (unilateral position, prolapse, high location), various anomalies in the shape, size and number of the renal pelvis, as well as the shape of the kidney (L-shaped, horseshoe-shaped, S-shaped, etc.), their structures (polycystic, aplasia etc.)

Acquired diseases include kidney stones (urothyliasis, urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis), infectious (tuberculosis, kidney tumor), autoimmune (glomerulonephritis). There are also toxic diseases that are detected during poisoning with mercury, heavy metals, organic solvents (tetrachlorethylene), traumatic and radiation injuries.

Kidney stones is associated with the formation of stones in the ureter, bladder, renal parenchyma, which can reach 15 cm and weigh several kg. Kidney stones affects people of all age groups, from infants to the elderly. The type of kidney stone usually depends on age.
The cause of the disease can be such predisposing factors as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, hereditary predisposition, colitis, prostatitis, cystitis, bone disease (osteoporosis) or injury, prolonged dehydration of the body as a result of infection or poisoning, lack of vitamins of group D, frequent consumption of acidic, salty and spicy food, use of hard drinking water with a high salt content.
A person can live for many years without knowing that he is carrying a stone in his kidney, and vice versa, suffer from unbearable pain due to microlith 3-4 millimeters in size, which has begun its way through the ureter and causes renal colic.

Kidney stones symptoms

Symptoms that determine the course of the disease:  
1) Lower back pain - exhausting pain, aggravated by physical exertion and a change in body position. This is the most typical example of stones present in the organs of the urinary system. If a stone enters the ureter, pain can be felt in the lower abdomen, genitals, groin.
2) Renal colic - severe throbbing pain in the lumbar region, which can last for several days, then subside, then increase. It stops when the stone leaves the ureter together with urine.
3) Painful frequent urination - an indicator that stones are in the ureter or bladder. When urinating, the flow of fluid may be interrupted, although the bladder is not completely emptied. Urination will last if you change the position of the body.
4) Bloody urine - blood appears during intense physical exertion or unbearable pain.
5) Swelling
6) Clouded urine
7) Body temperature 38-40
8) High pressure

Currently, there are two methods of treatment of kidney stones - operative, conservative.  

Conservative treatment is a gentle technique that includes the use of drugs and various diets.  
Instrumental (operative) - removal of large stones and sand during the operation, crushing the stone using electromagnetic waves, ultrasonic flow. Here it must be understood that the operation, as well as crushing, in most cases, give only temporary relief. Usually after 0.5-3 years, stones are formed again.

A healthy diet and a correct lifestyle contribute to high spirits and well-being. Eat less fried, spicy, fatty and salty, consume about two liters of clean water per day, do not allow hypothermia of the lower back.