Kidney failure

Renal failure is a pathological condition in which the kidneys partially or completely lose their ability to maintain the constancy of the chemical composition of the internal environment of the body. This leads to a violation of the water-electrolyte balance in the body, the retention of non-volatile acids and nitrogenous metabolic products (urea, creatinine, uric acid, etc.).  

Acute renal failure (ARF) is an acute dysfunction of one or both kidneys, in which either all nephrons, or all parts of the tubules, or the glomerular apparatus are affected. ARF develops as a result of exposure to the renal parenchyma of various pathological exogenous or endogenous factors.

Diagnostics is based primarily on the anamnesis: whether there was the use of poisonous foods, medications, attempts to terminate a pregnancy, etc. Further, with the help of catheterization, it is necessary to exclude obstruction of the urinary tract. Among other research methods, radioisotope renography, ultrasound examination, computed tomography, cystoscopy are used.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a pathological symptom complex caused by a sharp decrease in the number and function of nephrons, glomerular filtration. CRF develops as a consequence of such diseases and influencing factors as:
chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis metabolic diseases (diabetes mellitus, gout) abnormalities of the kidneys and ureters (renal hypoplasia, polycystic kidney disease, neuromuscular dysplasia of the ureters) intoxication with lead, mercury, analgesics, antibiotics, etc.